英语单词短语词组“grammar/british-grammar/phrasal-verbs-and-multi-word-verbs”的中文翻译、释义及用法解析-英汉词典

Multi-word verbs are verbs which consist of a verb and one or two particles or prepositions (e.g.up, over, in, down). There are three types of multi-word verbs: phrasal verbs, prepositional verbs and phrasal-prepositional verbs. Sometimes, the name ‘phrasal verb’ is used to refer to all three types.

Phrasal verbs have two parts: a main verb and an adverb particle.

The most common adverb particles used to form phrasal verbs arearound,at, away, down, in, off,on, out, over, round, up:

bring ingo aroundlook upput awaytake off

Phrasal verbs often have meanings which we cannot easily guess from their individual parts. (The meanings are in brackets.)

The book firstcame outin 1997.(was published)

The planetook offan hour late.(flew into the air)

The lecturewent ontill 6.30.(continued)

It’s difficult tomake outwhat she’s saying.(hear/understand)

For a complete list of the most common phrasal verbs, see theCambridge International Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs.

Phrasal verbs are often, but not always, less formal than a single word with the same meaning.

Compare

phrasal verb	more formal single word
We need tosortthe problemout.	We need tosolve/resolvethe problem.
The team only had an hour toputthe stageupbefore the concert.	The team only had an hour toerect/constructthe stage before the concert.

Many phrasal verbs take an object. In most cases, the particle may come before or after the object if the object is not a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.).

Compare

(p = particle; o = object [underlined])
particle before the object	particle after the object
Shebrought[P]up[O]three kidsall alone.	Ibrought[O]my children[P]upto be polite.
Do you want me totake[P]off[O]my shoes?	Come in.Take[O]your coat[P]off.

If the object is a personal pronoun (me, you, him, us, etc.), we always put the pronoun before the particle:

I’ve made some copies. Would you like me tohandthemout?

Not:Would you like me to hand out them?

Oh, I can’tliftyouupany more. You’re too big now!

Not:I can’t lift up you any more.

We usually put longer objects (underlined) after the particle:

Many couples do not want totake onthe responsibility of bringing up a large family of three or four children.

We can use some phrasal verbs without an object:

break down	get back	move in/out
carry on	go off	run away
drop off	hang on	set off
eat out	join in	wake up

The taxibroke downon the way to the airport and I thought I nearly missed my flight.

We’d betterset offbefore the rush-hour traffic starts.

What time did youwake upthis morning?

A good learner’s dictionary will tell you if the phrasal verb needs an object or can be used without one.

Prepositional verbs have two parts: a verb and a preposition which cannot be separated from each other:

break into (a house)	get over (an illness)	listen to
cope with (a difficult situation)	get on	look after (a child)
deal with (a problem)	get off	look at
depend on	go into	look for
do without	lead to	look forward to

Prepositional verbs always have an object, which comes immediately after the preposition. The object (underlined) can be a noun phrase, a pronoun or the-ingform of a verb:

Somebodybroke intohis carand stole his radio.

I don’t like this CD. I don’t want tolisten toitany more.

Getting to the finaldepends onwinning the semi-final!

Some prepositional verbs take a direct object after the verb followed by the prepositional phrase.

associate … with	remind … of
protect … from	rob … of
provide … with	thank … for

(do = direct object; po = object of preposition [both underlined])

Hannahreminds[DO]meof[PO]a girlfriend of mine.

How can weprotect[DO]childrenfrom[PO]dangerous material on the Internet?

I’d like tothank[DO]everyonefor[PO]their kindness.

Not all phrasal verbs need an object. Prepositional verbs (e.g.listen to, depend on) always have an object after the preposition:

I’ve got a great new CD. Shall welisten toit?

Not:Shall we listen to?

With phrasal verbs the object can come before or after the particle if the object is not a pronoun. With prepositional verbs, the object is always immediately after the preposition.(Objects are underlined.)

Compare

Do you alwayslook upevery new wordin a dictionary?

Do you alwayslookevery new wordupin a dictionary?

Phrasal verb: the object can come before or after the particleup.

Could youlook aftermy bagwhile I go and buy the tickets?

Prepositional verb: the object is after the preposition.

Not:Could you look my bag after…

Phrasal-prepositional verbs have three parts: a verb, a particle and a preposition. The particle and the preposition cannot be separated. Many of these verbs are often used in informal contexts, and their meaning is difficult to guess from theirindividual parts.

catch up with	get on with	look out for
come up against	listen out for	look up to
do away with	look down on	put up with
face up to	look forward to	watch out for
get away with	look in on

Ken’s just chatting to a friend. He’llcatch up withus in a minute.(reach, join)

Do youget on withyour neighbours?(have a good relationship with)

Welook forward tomeeting you on the 22nd.(anticipate with pleasure)

Phrasal verbs and multi-word verbs

Phrasal verbs

Meaning

Formality

Phrasal verbs and objects

Prepositional verbs

Prepositional verbs and objects

Prepositional verbs or phrasal verbs?

Phrasal-prepositional verbs

Verb + particle + preposition

Phrasal-prepositional verbs and objects