twochromosomes(=cellpartsthatcontrolwhat ananimalorplantis like), one from thefatherand one from themother, that come together duringmeiosis(=celldivisionthathappensaspartofreproduction)
The first of these divisions is initiated in fetal life but the all important segregation of pairedhomologouschromosomestakes place after puberty.
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The first requirement is for close pairing ofhomologouschromosomes, followed by recombination between non-sister chromatids.
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The population of 1000 lines provided a first test of the feasibility of assembling a map with both simplex and duplex markers linking thehomologouschromosomes.
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Heterozygosity for an inversion induces a loop structure in pairedhomologouschromosomesand thus inversions are easy to detect cytologically.
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Homologues separate, the first polar body is extruded and an interphase pronucleus' carrying one set ofhomologouschromosomesreforms.
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After oocyte activation,homologouschromosomessegregate between the oocyte and the first polar body, and a diploid pronucleus-like nucleus reforms from the one set of dyads.
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First, to achieve proper segregation, each pair ofhomologouschromosomesmust be linked to each other to maintain a certain level of tension between them.
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Balancer chromosomes can be used as a genetic tool to prevent crossing over (genetic recombination) betweenhomologouschromosomesduring meiosis.
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Bivalents are formed as twohomologouschromosomesundergo recombination.
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The infinitesimal model reduces to the continuum of alleles model if there is no recombination betweenhomologouschromosomes.
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The recessive mutation tufted was used as a reliable genetic marker to trace transmission of thehomologouschromosomes.
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These events include the migration of the spindle, disassembly of microtubules, the separation ofhomologouschromosomes, and the formation and extrusion of the polar body.
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This implies that diploid individuals tend to ' mask ' deleterious mutations with ' normal ' alleles carried on thehomologouschromosomes.
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We further suggest that selection may act on the difference in size between the two alleles borne byhomologouschromosomesin a diploid individual.
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Two molecular processes generating variability have been proposed : replication slippage due to slipped-strand mispairing and unequal recombination betweenhomologouschromosomes(or chromatids).
From theCambridge English Corpus
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