The section on rare earths (lanthanides) is also notably strong.
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In this regard, the use of lanthanides provides a gamma of versatile paramagnetic probes, but still needs to be fully exploited.
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The reason for the high potency of the lanthanides is probably partly due to their trivalency.
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These series are, respectively, the lanthanides and the actinides.
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Due to thelanthanidecontraction of the elements in the sixth period, zirconium and hafnium have nearly identical ionic radii.
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Lanthanide-mediated epoxidation has been successfully applied to cinnamates and -heteroaryl unsaturated esters.
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Contrary to most other lanthanides, which have a close-packed hexagonal lattice, ytterbium crystallizes in the face-centered cubic structure.
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Phosphors withlanthanidedopants are also widely used in cathode ray tube technology such as television sets.
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The lanthanides elute in order of decreasing atomic number.
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Monazite was the only significant source of commercial lanthanides until bastnsite began to be processed in about 1965.
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Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ from those of the other lanthanides.
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Neodymium is not found naturally in metallic form or unmixed with other lanthanides, and it is usually refined for general use.
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In an aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble lutetium compounds form a complex with nine water molecules.
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Other carbon rich stoichiometries are known for some lanthanides.
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About 15000 ton/year of the lanthanides are consumed as catalysts and in the production of glasses.
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