The production resulted in 22 milligrams ofberkelium, enough to perform the experiment.
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The isotope which is the easiest to synthesize isberkelium-249.
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The production of the second-important isotopeberkelium-247 involves the irradiation of the rare isotope curium-244 with high-energy alpha particles.
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In a thermal reactor, much of it will therefore be converted toberkelium-250 which quickly decays to californium-250.
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The coordination of theberkeliumatom in its trivalent fluoride and chloride is tricapped trigonal prismatic, with a coordination number of 9.
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He was part of the team that discovered elements 97 and 98 (berkeliumand californium) in 1949 and 1950.
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Since ununseptium has 117 protons in its nucleus and calcium has 20, they thus needed to useberkelium, which has 97 protons in its nucleus.
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Berkeliumis a soft, silvery-white, radioactive metal.
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Specifically,berkelium-249 has a moderately large neutron capture cross section of 710 barns for thermal neutrons, 1200 barns resonance integral, but very low fission cross section for thermal neutrons.
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The most difficult steps in the synthesis ofberkeliumwere its separation from the final products and the production of sufficient quantities of americium for the target material.
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All of the elements with higher atomic numbers, however, have been first discovered in the laboratory, with neptunium, plutonium, americium, curium,berkeliumand californium later also discovered in nature.
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Other elements are named after modern states or cities, withberkeliumand californium being named after the city and the state where these elements were discovered.
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The radioactive decay of uranium produces transient amounts of actinium and protactinium, and atoms of neptunium, americium, curium,berkeliumand californium are occasionally produced from transmutation reactions in uranium ores.
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Similar to the nearly simultaneous discovery of americium (element 95) and curium (element 96) in 1944, the new elementsberkeliumand californium (element 98) were both produced in 19491950.
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The remaining 7 transient elements (technetium, promethium, neptunium, americium, curium,berkelium, and californium) occur only rarely, as products of rare nuclear reaction processes involving uranium or other heavy elements.
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