rough
adjective
uk/rʌf/us/rʌf/roughadjective(NOT EVEN)
B1
notevenorsmooth, often because of being inbadcondition:
高低不平的；崎岖的；难行的It was a roughmountainroad,fullofstonesandhugeholes.那是一条崎岖的山道，满是石头和巨大的坑洼。
B1
If asurfacesuch aspaperorskinis rough, it does notfeelsmoothwhen youtouchit:
（表面）粗糙的，毛糙的，不平滑的Myhandsget very rough in thecold.天一冷我的手就变得特别粗糙。
Roughgroundisgroundthat is not used for anyparticularpurpose, is noteven, and isfullofwildplants.
（土地）未开垦的，杂草丛生的，荒的- Driving on those roughroadshas really done for mycar.
- Thehorseandcartjoggeddown the roughtracktowards thefarm.
- Mytyrestookquiteapunishingon the roughterrain.
- Thefabrichad a roughtexture.
- He had workman'shandsthat were rough andcoveredwithcalluses.
Rough, irregular and uneven
- abrasion
- abrasive
- abrasiveness
- bumpy
- coarsely
- jag
- jagged
- jaggedly
- jaggy
- jerky
- pebbled
- pockmarked
- ragged
- raggedly
- raggedness
- raggedy
- unevenness
- unsteadily
- unsteady
- wonky
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
In bad condition
roughadjective(NOT EXACT)
B1[before noun]
notexactordetailed:
粗略的；大致的；近似的Thebuilderdid a roughsketchof how the newstairswouldlook.建筑工人画了张新楼梯草图。
This is only a roughguess.这只是一个大致的推测。
She made a roughestimate/calculationof thelikelycost.她粗略估算／计算了一下可能的开销。
Thetestsare a roughguidetostudents'progress.这些测试能够大致说明学生的进步情况。
Synonym
approximate
approximate
- approximateWe can only give an approximate number for dinner until all the invited guests have responded.
- roughThe number of unregistered voters is 13,000, according to rough estimates.
- inexactHistorical comparisons are always inexact and often misleading.
- impreciseSuch estimates are inherently imprecise.
- This is only a roughdraft- thefinishedarticlewill havepicturesas well.
- I can give you a roughestimateof how much it willcost.
- I neverfollowrecipesexactlywhen Icook- I just use them as roughguides.
- Could you give me a roughapproximationof how manypeoplewill be coming?
- You can get a roughideaof thesizeof theroombypacingit out.
Approximate
- -ish
- about
- approx.
- approximate
- approximately
- around
- in the vicinity ofidiom
- loose
- loosely
- more
- more or lessidiom
- odd
- round
- rule
- sense
- sketchy
- some
- something
- something like 96 percent, half, etc.idiom
- somewhere
roughadjective(POOR QUALITY)
used todescribeanalcoholicdrink,especiallywine, thattastescheapand oftenstrong
（尤指酒类饮料）涩味的，辣嗓子的，劣质的not made in acarefulorexpensiveway:
粗制滥造的；简陋的；粗糙的I made a roughtableout of someoldboxes.我用几个旧箱子做了一张简陋的饭桌。
Synonyms
basic
crude(SIMPLE)
elementary
inchoateliterary
roughand ready
rude(SIMPLE)old useorliterary
rudimentaryformal
simple(PLAIN)
undeveloped
unrefined
unsophisticated
Wines & winemaking
- -bodied
- ageworthy
- amontillado
- blender
- blush
- claret
- corkage
- fruitiness
- full-bodied
- grape
- hock
- jeroboam
- Lambrusco
- plonk
- plummy
- spritzig
- spumante
- super-smooth
- table wine
- terroir
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Crude and basic
roughadjective(SOUND)
A roughvoiceorsoundis hard andloud.
声音粗哑的，难听的If amachinesoundsrough, it is making anoisebecause it is inbadcondition.
（机器状况不佳而）发出刺耳声音的，发出杂音的Describing qualities of the human voice
- adenoidal
- aloud
- be dripping withsomethingidiom
- bray
- brittle
- drip
- dulcet
- fruity
- full-throated
- full-throatedly
- hoarse
- honeyed
- lilting
- nasal
- smoothness
- throatily
- throatiness
- throaty
- tonelessly
- twangy
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
In bad condition
roughadjective(VIOLENT)
B2
dangerousorviolent:
粗暴的，粗野的；猛烈的；充斥暴力的，危险的a roughareaoftown城内的危险区
The otherboyswere rough, alwayslookingfor afight.其他的男孩子们非常粗野，总是寻衅打架。
Violent or aggressive
- aggressive
- aggressively
- aggressiveness
- aggro
- agonistic
- ferocity
- fierce
- fierceness
- fighting words
- flex
- pugnacious
- pugnacity
- rabble-rousing
- raging
- Rambo
- viciously
- viciousness
- violence
- warlike
- warmonger
roughadjective(STORMY)
B2
(of theweatheror thesea) havingstrongwindsorbigwaves:
（天气）有狂风大浪的I'm alwaysseasickif thewater/wind/sea/weatheris rough.在波涛汹涌时／狂风大作时／汹涌海浪中／暴风雨天气里我总会晕船。
Describing bad weather
- bleak
- bleakly
- bleakness
- break
- depression
- dreich
- fickle
- fickleness
- gray
- grey
- greyness
- inclement
- overcast
- threatening
- treacherous
- unseasonable
- unseasonably
- unseasonal
- unseasonally
- wuthering
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Wind & winds
Waves
roughadjective(DIFFICULT)
B2
difficultorunpleasant:
艰难的；艰苦的；令人不快的He's had a roughtime/month/year, what with thedivorceand then hisfatherdying.他刚离了婚，父亲又去世了，那一段时间／一个月／一年对他来说是太难熬了。
Itmust be roughtohave twokidsandnowheretolive.带着两个孩子，又无处安身，日子肯定是很艰难。
Synonyms
austere
bleak
comfortlessformal
hard(SEVERE)
harsh(UNKIND)
inhospitable(PLACE)
severe(VERY SERIOUS)
spartan
Serious and unpleasant
- abominable
- abominably
- abysmal
- abysmally
- apocalyptic
- fiendish
- fraught
- frightful
- from hellidiom
- fun
- nasty
- nightmarish
- nightmarishly
- noisome
- not be all fun and gamesidiom
- unutterable
- vile
- woeful
- woefully
- wretchedly
roughadjective(ILL)
[after verb]UK
ill:
不舒服的，不适的，生病的Youlookabitrough - how much did you have todrinklastnight?你看上去有点气色不好——你昨晚喝了多少酒啊？
Not fit & healthy
- be at death's dooridiom
- bed
- clinically obese
- complain ofsomething
- critical list
- deconditioned
- gaunt
- hollow
- hollow-eyed
- poorly
- sick
- sickly
- unhealthily
- unwell
- unwholesomeness
- wabbit
- wan
- wanly
- worn
- wretched
Idioms
rough and ready
rough edges
rough justice/luck
rough
verb
uk/rʌf/us/rʌf/rough itinformal
tolivetemporarilyinbasicanduncomfortableconditions:
（暂时）将就度日，因陋就简地生活While thehousewas beingdecoratedweroughedit in atent.在装修房子期间，我们将就着住在帐篷里。
Homelessness
- bag lady
- be of/have no fixed abode/addressidiom
- couchsurfing
- derelict
- displace
- doss
- homeless
- homelessness
- hostel
- housing benefit
- mendicant
- sofa-surf
- sofa-surfing
- soup kitchen
- street
- street child
- tramp
- vagrancy
- waif
- waifs and straysidiom
Phrasal verbs
roughsomethingin
roughsomethingout
roughsomeoneup
rough
noun
uk/rʌf/us/rʌf/roughnoun(DRAWING)
[C]
a firstquickdrawingof something
草图，略图in rough
simpleand withoutdetails:
粗略地；大概地；大致上His firstplansweredrawnup in rough.他最初的计划是草草拟就的。
Pictures
- -scape
- abstract
- aquatint
- balloon
- canvas
- caricature
- cartoon
- foreground
- graphic novel
- graphics
- halo
- hellscape
- identikit
- pastel
- pencil
- pixelated
- poster
- raster
- rehang
- woodcut
You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics:
Crude and basic
roughnoun(VIOLENT PERSON)
[C]
aviolentperson:
粗人，莽汉，暴徒agangofdrunkenyoungroughs一群醉酒撒野的年轻人
roughnoun(IN GOLF)
the rough
ingolf, anareaofgroundwithlonggrass:
（高尔夫球场的）生有长草的起伏地面，深草区Myballlandedinthe rough.我把球打进了深草区。
Golf
- a hole in oneidiom
- bogie
- bunker
- caddy
- clip
- crazy golf
- cut
- delivery
- dogleg
- fore
- fringe
- golf
- golf ball
- hook
- outhit
- round
- slice
- tee(something)up
- teesomeoneoff
- yip
Idioms
rough and tumble
take the rough with the smooth
rough
adverb
uk/rʌf/us/rʌf/roughadverb(VIOLENTLY)
forcefullyorviolently:
粗野地；粗鲁地Thelocalteamhad abadreputationforplayingrough.这支地方队打法粗野，臭名远扬。
Violent or aggressive
- aggressive
- aggressively
- aggressiveness
- aggro
- agonistic
- ferocity
- fierce
- fierceness
- fighting words
- flex
- pugnacious
- pugnacity
- rabble-rousing
- raging
- Rambo
- viciously
- viciousness
- violence
- warlike
- warmonger
roughadverb(OUTSIDE)
live/sleep rough
toliveoutsidenot in ahouse, andsleepon theground:
风餐露宿When weranout ofmoney, wesleptrough for aweek.我们的钱花没了，一个星期都露宿街头。
Homelessness
- bag lady
- be of/have no fixed abode/addressidiom
- couchsurfing
- derelict
- displace
- doss
- homeless
- homelessness
- hostel
- housing benefit
- mendicant
- sofa-surf
- sofa-surfing
- soup kitchen
- street
- street child
- tramp
- vagrancy
- waif
- waifs and straysidiom