substratum
noun[C]
uk/səbˈstrɑː.təm/us/səbˈstræt̬.əm/pluralsubstratauk/səbˈstrɑː.tə/us/səbˈstræt̬.ə/substratumnoun[C](LOWER LAYER)
geologyspecialized
alayerofrock,soil, orsimilarmaterialthat is below anotherlayer:
底土层；底土，心土A substratum ofclaykeptmoisturecloseto thetopsoil.底土层的黏土使水分保持在表层土附近。
Theyplannedtosinkover twenty-fivedeepboreholesinto thegroundtoassessthe substrata.他们计划在地下钻二十五个深井以评估底土层。
apartorlayerof something that is below anotherpartorlayer:
（位于一层物质下面的）底层，下层Apply a substratum oflashpowderand thenquicklysealwith astrokeofmascara.涂一层睫毛粉打底，然后迅速用睫毛膏封住。
"Underclass" is used bysociologiststomeana substratum ofsocietysomewherebelow theworkingclass.社会学家用"下层阶级"来指比工人阶级低的社会底层。
- Thespadedugup threeinchesofblacksoilwith a substratum ofyellowmudandclay.
- Therichalluvialsoilsprovideanidealsubstratum forgrowingrice.
- The Valmikicommunityis a substratum of theDalitcaste.
- There's awholesubstratum ofadministrativepositions.
Coverings and layers
- a blanket ofsomethingidiom
- beeswax wrap
- blanket
- brazen
- casing
- diaphragm
- interstratification
- interstratify
- lagging
- layer
- layered
- seam
- sheath
- strata
- stratum
- superstratum
- tar paper
- tarpaulin
- veil
- vein
substratumnoun[C](BASIS)
somethingimportantfrom which somethingelsedevelops, but that is notimmediatelyobvious:
基础，本源；赋予属性的东西There is abroadsubstratum oftruthin what she says.她所说的话有广泛的事实基础。
Would ajuryconcludethat asufficientfactualsubstratumexistedfor thecomment?陪审团是否会得出结论，认为评论存在足够的事实基础？
- Many of theancientmythicaltaleshave a substratum ofhistoricalfact.
- There was a substratum of goodfeelingin her.
- Thenovelhas asolidsubstratum of well-conceivedminorcharacters.
Being based on or depending on something
- as the case might bephrase
- basesomethingonsomething
- bases
- basis
- boil down tosomething
- egg
- footing
- found
- foundational
- hinge
- hinge on/uponsomething
- rest withsomeone
- result fromsomething
- ride
- ride onsomething/someone
- rooted
- spring fromsomething
- strength
- understanding
- wake