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单词 top-down
释义
top-down
adjective[before noun]
uk
/ˌtɒpˈdaʊn/us
/ˌtɑːpˈdaʊn/
used to refer to asituationin whichdecisionsare made by a fewpeopleinauthorityratherthan by thepeoplewho areaffectedby thedecisions:
自上而下的
a top-downapproach/strategy自上而下的做法／策略
Opposite
bottom-up
SMART Vocabulary: related words and phrases
Decisions and deciding
  • ascription
  • balance
  • be make or break forsomeone/somethingidiom
  • be on the horns of a dilemmaidiom
  • choose
  • clinch
  • fight
  • fish
  • fix
  • if/when it comes to the crunchidiom
  • in the balanceidiom
  • judgment call
  • judicial review
  • make or breaksomethingidiom
  • resolution
  • toss up
  • unadjudicated
  • unelected
  • volition
  • volitional
See more results »
(Definition oftop-downfrom theCambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus© Cambridge University Press)

top-down| Business English

top-down
adjective[before noun]
MANAGEMENT
uk
/ˌtɒpˈdaʊn/us
/ˈtɑːp-/
startingfrom thehighestlevelsor from the mostgeneralideasof anorganization,system,plan, etc.:
Staffwere nothappywith thetop-downapproachto managment of the newCEO.
Theattempttoimposetop-downdecisionswasresistedat everylevel.
Thisreportfollowsatop-downmodelinitsassessmentof theproblemsweface.
Compare
bottom-up
(Definition oftop-downfrom theCambridge Business English Dictionary© Cambridge University Press)

Examplesoftop-down

top-down
A complete specification of the model will require more investigation of the role oftop-downinhibition among representations.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Forthcoming procedures for the analysis of electroacoustic music should derive from the synthesis oftop-downand bottom-up views derived from different competences.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Thus, the refinement of abstract model into a detailed one is, in their interpretation, a feature oftop-downdesign.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Experimental test in lowland tropical forest showstop-downeffects through four trophic levels.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Research results to back up thistop-downrelationship are easily found.
From theCambridge English Corpus
This approach relieves the problems existing in a bottom-up approach and those in atop-downapproach.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Repeated spatial or temporal coincidences betweentop-downexpectation signals and bottom-up input signals reinforce the relative weights of signal exchanges in a given neural circuit.
From theCambridge English Corpus
The electoral majority the government rests on istop-down, not bottom-up, and thus is not one created by the voters' expressed preferences.
From theCambridge English Corpus
The column was subjected to several cycles oftop-downfreezing and thawing to simulate an active layer.
From theCambridge English Corpus
It is an account of the dangers of blueprint,top-downdevelopment and its focus on scientific control.
From theCambridge English Corpus
All the rich associations of "top-down" control were built into the discourse and nowhere questioned.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Increasing the information content of input representations minimizes the potential necessity fortop-downprocesses.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Along withtop-downsupport and reasonable expectations, here are further components in initial planning.
From theCambridge English Corpus
Produce by these small farmers was marketed either by 'top-down-created ' co-operatives or state owned crop authorities.
From theCambridge English Corpus
The richness of these bottom-up sources of redundancy leaves little room for anytop-downsources to improve the phonological yield.
From theCambridge English Corpus
These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors.
#https://dictionary.cambridge.org//dictionary/english/top-down##
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更新时间：2024/12/28 14:08:44